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2013年4月8日 星期一

[自行整理] Immobilization Devices and Uses

Table 264-3 Immobilization Devices and Uses
Immobilization Technique Clinical Application
Shoulder immobilizer Clavicle fracture.
Acromioclavicular separation.
Shoulder dislocation (postreduction).
Humeral neck fracture.
Sling A variety of upper extremity injuries, in conjunction with other immobilization techniques; may be used alone for nondisplaced or clinically suspected fracture of the radial head.
Long-arm gutter Elbow fracture other than nondisplaced radial head fracture.
Reduced elbow dislocation 
Sugar-tong
(可prevent pronation/supination)
Wrist or forearm fracture.
Distal radial and ulna (Robert & Hedges)
Short-arm gutter Metacarpal or proximal phalanx fracture.
[Ulnar gutter for fourth or fifth ray]
[Radial gutter for second (index) or third (middle) ray.]
若是metacarpal neck fracture, 則把MCP固定在90度 (Robert & Hedges)
Thumb spica
固定時維持opposition (OK sign)
Scaphoid fracture (proven or suspected).
Thumb metacarpal or proximal thumb phalanx fracture
Knee immobilizer Fracture or reduced subluxation of patella.
Knee dislocation, postreduction (temporary).
Tibial plateau fracture.
Knee ligament injury.
Suspected meniscal tear (provided the knee can be fully extended).
Posterior ankle mold (consider above-the-knee extension and/or adjunctive use of ankle sugar-tong for unstable ankle injuries) Ankle dislocation or fracture-dislocation.
Unstable ankle fracture (high distal fibular fracture or medial and/or posterior malleolar fracture).
Widened medial mortise (indicates disruption of stabilizing medial structures).
Metatarsal fracture (alternative immobilization dressings may be used).
Ankle stirrup Simple ankle sprain
Stable lateral malleolus fracture (below the superior border of the talus) without other ankle involvement (no medial swelling or tenderness, posterior malleolus intact).
Hard-soled shoe Toe fracture.
Some metatarsal fractures
Short-leg walking boot Some toe or foot contusions or fractures where weightbearing is allowed